CENTRO DE BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR SEVERO OCHOACaptura de pantalla 2022 09 14 a las 10.27.10    

Nitric Oxide and bioactive lipids signalling in the immune response

Research summary:

Nitric oxide (NO) and bioactive lipids as nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) or prostaglandins, are key mediators for maintaining cellular homeostasis, with an essential role in inflammation. Recent studies indicate that both mediators can play an important role in the modulation of the immune response. Our research lines are dedicated to the study the role played by NO as well as nitro and oxo modified fatty acids in inflammation and in the activation and differentiation of T lymphocytes. In this sense, we are currently studying the actions exerted by NO, nitro fatty acids and prostanoids on the activation of human T lymphocytes, analysing their involvement in the regulation of gene expression and activation of transcription factors triggered from the T cell receptor. We are also interested in the analysis of other parameters of activation such as chemotaxis, intercellular adhesion and the organization of adhesion and signalling receptors at the immune synapse. In addition, we are also examining the potential actions of these compounds on the selection of the adaptive immune response in human T lymphocytes.

NO is a key messenger in the pathogenesis of inflammation. In the immune system, NO has been considered to be a cytotoxic molecule associated with the response of phagocytic cells to pathogens as part of the first line of host defence against infection. However, NO can also regulate the adaptive immune response, linking innate and adaptive immunity. By targeting signalling molecules, NO affects T helper cell differentiation and the effector functions of T lymphocytes, and is a potential target for therapeutic manipulation. In the last years, our group has been interested in the study of the regulatory actions exerted by NO in T cell functions, focusing on protein S-nitrosylation and fatty acid nitro-alkylation, leading to the formation NO2-FA, as important post-translational modifications by which NO can act as a signalling molecule during T cell-mediated immunity.
 
Fatty acid oxidative modifications result in the production of bioactive lipids, which display a variety of actions in pathophysiological processes. These compounds include prostaglandins and NO2-FA, important signalling molecules that can modulate the inflammatory process and the immune response. To this end, we analyse their influence on diverse parameters of T lymphocyte function, focusing on their effects on transcriptional activation and gene expression and their consequences on cell activation and differentiation. Their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects take place mainly through their ability to covalently modify transcriptional regulatory proteins and enzymes and to activate various nuclear and membrane receptors, finally modifying protein function and altering patterns of gene expression. Research on the molecular and cellular basis of the actions of electrophilic fatty acids in inflammation and the immune response, will contribute to the understanding of the potential therapeutic benefits of these compounds. 
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Figure 1. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase controls the coalescence of Protein Kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) at the central Supramolecular Activation Cluster (c-SMAC) of the T Cell Immune Synapse (IS). The cellular localization of PKC-θ (red) and endogenous eNOS or overexpressed eNOS-green fluorescent protein (eNOS-GFP) at the IS of a superantigen-specific T cell-APC conjugate is shown.

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Figure 2. Model of CyPG and NO2FA actions on T cell activation. Upon signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR), different signaling pathways are activated, that ultimately promote the activation of various transcription factors, including NF-κB, AP-1 and NFAT. Activation of these factors is central for the transcription of essential genes in the immune and inflammatory response, such as IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ, among others. Electrophilic fatty acids such as Cyclopentenones (CyPGs) and Nitro fatty acids (NO2FA) interfere on different steps in T cell activation process, resulting in changes on gene expression in activated T lymphocytes as well as in T cell migration, which accounts for their anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.

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Last name Name Laboratory Ext.* e-mail Professional category
Bago Plaza Ángel 126 4542 angel.bago(at)cbm.csic.es Titulado Sup. Actividades Tecn. y Prof.GP1
Cayuela Zorita Laura 126 4549 Técnico Superior de Actividades Técnicas y Profes.GP3
Fernández Barroso Elena 126 4549 Estudiante TFG
Iñiguez Peña Miguel Ángel 126/114.5 4508/4549 mainiguez(at)cbm.csic.es Profesor Titular Universidad, GA
Renshaw Calderón Ana 126 4549 arenshaw(at)cbm.csic.es Ayudante Investigación
Serrador Peiró Juan Manuel 126/114.6 4547 jmserrador(at)cbm.csic.es E.Científicos Titulares de Organismos Públicos de Investigación

Relevant publications:

  • Almudena García-Ortiz and Juan M. Serrador. (2018) Nitric oxide signalling in T cell-mediated immunity. Trends Mol. Med. 24:412-427
  • Almudena García-Ortiz, Sales Ibiza, Noa Martín-Cofreces, Angel Ortega, Alicia Izquierdo-Alvarez, Antonio Trullo, Victor M. Victor, Enrique Calvo, Antonio Martínez-Ruiz, Jesús Vázquez, Francisco Sánchez-Madrid and Juan M. Serrador. (2017) S-nitrosylation of b-actin on Cys374 regulates PKC-q localization and activation at the immune synapse. PLOS Biology 15: e2000653
  • Antonio Martínez-Ruiz, Ines M. Araujo, Alicia Izquierdo-Alvarez, Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín, Santiago Lamas, and Juan M. Serrador. (2013). Specificity in S-nitrosylation: A short-range mechanism for NO signaling? Antioxid. Redox. Sign. 19: 1220-1235.
  • Díaz-Muñoz MD, Osma-García IC, Iñiguez MA, Fresno M (2013). Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency in macrophages leads to defective p110γ PI3K signaling and impairs cell adhesion and migration. J Immunol. 191:395-406.
  • Díaz-Muñoz MD, Osma-García IC, Fresno M, Iñiguez MA (2012). Involvement of PGE2 and the cAMP signalling pathway in the up-regulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression in LPS-activated macrophages. Biochem J. 443:451-61.
  • Díaz-Muñoz MD, Osma-García IC, Cacheiro-Llaguno C, Fresno M, Iñiguez MA (2010). Coordinated up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 transcription by nuclear factor kappa B and early growth response-1 in macrophages. Cell Signal. 22:1427-36.
  • Duque J, Fresno M, Iñiguez MA. (2005). Expression and function of the nuclear factor of activated T cells in colon carcinoma cells: involvement in the regulation of cyclooxygenase-2. J Biol Chem. 280: 8686-93.
  • Francesc Baixauli, Noa Martín-Cófreces, Giulia Morlino, Yolanda R. Carrasco, Carmen Calabia-Linares, Esteban Veiga, Juan M. Serrador, and Francisco Sánchez-Madrid (2011). The mitocondrial fission factor dynamin-related protein-1 modulates T cell receptor signaling at the immune synapse. EMBO J 30:1238-1250.
  • Guillem-Llobat P, Íñiguez MA (2015). Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression by liver X receptor ligands in macrophages involves interference with early growth response factor 1. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 96:37-49.
  • Sales Ibiza, Victor M. Victor, Irene Boscá, Ángel Ortega, Ana Urzainqui, Jose E. O’connor, Francisco Sánchez-Madrid, Juan V. Esplugues, and Juan M. Serrador (2006) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase regulates T cell receptor signalling at the immunological synapse. Immunity 24:753-765

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